Beer is probably the most commonly drunk form of alcohol on the planet, but what is it? It is an alcoholic drink made by fermenting starches, most commonly malted barley, maize or wheat, and then usually flavoured by the addition of hops, although fruit can also be used.

The biggest query with beer is the different varieties, and what they all mean and why, the two most common being lager and ale. Lager is a global market, and is brewed the world over with many regional styles that only vary slightly, reflecting the regions tastes. Ale on the other hand is a much more localised market. This said ales are available everywhere, but we struggle to find any true international brands, whereas there are more local brands with smaller market bases.

There are a couple of crucial differences related to the brewing process however that can help us to determine the differences.

Ales were traditionally brewed with top fermenting yeasts that needed warmth, which were a factor in the production of esters. These esters and other compounds were responsible for bringing the sometimes fruity aromas and tastes to ales, which are generally sweeter than other styles of beers.

Lagers on the other hand are produced with bottom fermenting yeasts, and are generally brewed at much lower temperatures. This combination restricts the production of esters, creating a cleaner crisper taste. This cool fermentation also creates the clear appearance opposed to the more opaque appearance of ale.

The name lager is derived from the German verb lagern (to store) as they stored their beers in large cool cellars in hot summer months.